JMIR Research Protocols

Neuromuscular activation disorders are frequently observed in patients with musculoskeletal pain and may contribute to persistent symptoms and delayed functional recovery. Neurocognitive approaches combining mindfulness and motor imagery have been proposed to target central mechanisms involved in motor control and pain modulation. Digital health tools offer an opportunity to standardize and disseminate such interventions in real-world settings.

Patient and public engagement in research can enhance its quality, ensure the relevance of findings to the public, and make the process more inclusive and democratic. Ensuring meaningful engagement can be challenging and requires careful preparation.

The United States (US) Southeast experiences a disproportionate burden of HIV, compounded by limited access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services due to systemic barriers, such as stigma, medical mistrust, and restrictive pharmacy policies. Collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) between pharmacists and clinicians represent a promising strategy to improve PrEP accessibility through pharmacy-based services.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a crucial component of systemic treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), serving as an effective means to reduce recurrence rates and improve survival outcomes. It not only maximizes the extent of resectable tumors but also converts inoperable tumors into operable ones. Shen-Ling-Lian-Xia Granules (SLLXG) is an in-house preparation developed by Longhua Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Formulated by Professor Liu Sheng, the fifth-generation inheritor of the Shanghai Gu School of Surgery, based on extensive clinical experience treating breast cancer, this compound has been clinically proven to improve postoperative symptoms in patients with TNBC, enhance immunity, reduce recurrence and metastasis, and prolong disease-free survival. However, clinical evidence regarding its efficacy in enhancing the therapeutic effect of NAC for TNBC remains to be established.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused devastating morbidity and mortality globally, and poses an unprecedented threat to economic growth. The global rollout of vaccines has been met with socioeconomic disparities, impeding the global effort in infection prevention and severity reduction. The development and evaluation of candidate vaccines against COVID-19 that overcome logistical, social, and economic challenges are highly needed. Here, a trial protocol is presented to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the TANCoV-1.3.20 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among healthy participants who were SARS-CoV-2 negative in Tanzania.

Maternal and child oral health remains a significant public health concern in India, contributing to early childhood caries, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and long-term health complications. Anganwadi workers (AWWs), under the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS), are well positioned to promote preventive oral health behaviors. However, oral health education is not part of their core training. This protocol outlines an implementation research study to develop, deliver, and evaluate a contextualized oral health education training package through AWWs for mother-child dyads in Kochi, Kerala.

Quality care for pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires frequent, multidisciplinary visits. Technological and clinical innovation have led to changes in T1D management, resulting in increasing data exchange required during these visits. Capturing comprehensive personal health and diabetes-related information discretely and integrating it into the clinical workflow is critical for optimal T1D care but is time-consuming. Time spent on data transfer often results in less time for holistic care and can lead to unmet needs for patients, families, and health care providers, as well as increased time pressures in clinic. To address this, the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario developed a caregiver proxy-reported questionnaire distributed via the MyChart patient portal, allowing families to input care information ahead of visits with the aim of dedicating more clinic time to personalized care. The launch of this tool, which integrates caregiver-entered information into the physician’s documentation workflow, brings the opportunity to systematically evaluate its impact on care quality and efficiency, with potential implications for broader adoption.

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Many adults are insufficiently active, posing a threat to public health. Research shows steep declines in physical activity during the emerging adulthood period. Psychological and socioenvironmental factors have been shown to be independently associated with engaging in physical activity. However, few studies have examined the cross-domain interactions between psychological and socioenvironmental factors on physical activity in real time. Real-time data collection methods can be leveraged alongside traditional nomothetic methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how physical activity is affected by dynamic changes to one’s unique psychological and contextual state within a day.

Stroke is a global health problem that often causes physical disability and mental health issues for the survivor. While physical activity (PA) improves outcomes post stroke, it can be challenging to maintain. Barriers to maintaining PA post stroke include the setting of PA, motivation, and impairments from the stroke. There is often a desire to maintain PA after stroke, but effective interventions are currently limited.

Obesity is a serious public health issue affecting children in a progressively alarming manner; thus, nutrition education and behavior change interventions during childhood are a priority. Eating and physical activity behaviors are mainly influenced by the environment; therefore, lifestyle changes are often successful when interventions are implemented in places such as the home and school. Schools are fundamental for ensuring the development of students’ personalities, skills, abilities, and long-term behaviors.